Name: Admin
2001-09-27 00:00:00 | Hit 1820
It was not until 7 a.m. that Sunday morning¡ªthree hours after the invasion had started¡ªthat a duty officer wakened the five-star general Douglas MacArthur, the then 70-year-old Pacific War hero who was sleeping at his private quarters inside the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo. President Harry S. Truman of the United States learned about the war even later¡ªabout nine hours after the war had begun. At the time, Truman was not in Washington. He was in his hometown of Independence, Missouri, to take care of some family business. A little after 10 p.m., Saturday, June 24 (U.S. Central Time), Truman received a telephone call from his secretary of state Dean Acheson when the president was in the library with his family. ¡°Mr. President,¡± Acheson said over the phone, ¡°I have very serious news. The North Koreans have invaded South Korea!¡±
When Acheson, who had carelessly announced five months earlier that South Korea was outside the U.S. defense line in the Pacific, called back the next morning to inform the president that he had requested an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council, Truman said, ¡°We¡¯ve got to stop the sons of bitches, no matter what!¡±
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(6)
As the invaders neared Seoul, the capital of the young republic which had been established only two years before, President Rhee could not sleep the first night of the invasion. Bad news kept coming in from the front lines and a North Korean fighter plane even strafed an area near Kyungmoodae, the presidential mansion. At 3 a.m., Monday, President Rhee called for General MacArthur. A duty officer picked up the phone and asked the South Korean president to call later because the general was soundly asleep.
¡°If you don¡¯t waken the general, American citizens will die one by one while the general sleeps in peace!¡± Rhee, a Princeton Unviersity Ph.D. who had lived forty years in the United States, shouted in his fluent English. The president¡¯s rage made the duty officer waken the general.
Rhee told MacArthur, ¡°If your country had been a little more concerned about us, we would not have come to this plight. Haven¡¯t we warned you many times? Now you must save our country!¡±
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(6)
As the invaders neared Seoul, the capital of the young republic which had been established only two years before, President Rhee could not sleep the first night of the invasion. Bad news kept coming in from the front lines and a North Korean fighter plane even strafed an area near Kyungmoodae, the presidential mansion. At 3 a.m., Monday, President Rhee called for General MacArthur. A duty officer picked up the phone and asked the South Korean president to call later because the general was soundly asleep.
¡°If you don¡¯t waken the general, American citizens will die one by one while the general sleeps in peace!¡± Rhee, a Princeton Unviersity Ph.D. who had lived forty years in the United States, shouted in his fluent English. The president¡¯s rage made the duty officer waken the general.
Rhee told MacArthur, ¡°If your country had been a little more concerned about us, we would not have come to this plight. Haven¡¯t we warned you many times? Now you must save our country!¡±
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(7)
Despite its being a Sunday, the U.N. Security Council met at 3 p.m., June 25¡ªtwenty-five hours after the outbreak of the war¡ªand adopted a resolution demanding the North Korean
aggressors cease fire and retreat to the 38th parallel. Kim Il-sung ignored it, claiming that the South Koreans had attacked first. On June 27, the Security Council adopted another resolution urging UN nations to come to South Korea¡¯s aid. Jakob Malik, the Soviet delegate, was absent from the meetings because he had been boycotting the Security Council since January of that year to protest American refusal to replace Nationalist China with Communist China as a member of the Security Council. Still, Malik could have attended the sessions and vetoed the resolution. But he did not. Why? Some historians believe that the Soviet Union deliberately did not use its veto power hoping that Americans¡¯ participation in the Korean War under the UN flag would make the United Nations look like an American puppet, and that eventually would destroy the world organization.
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(8)
No sooner had the United Nations asked its members to help South Korea than President Truman ordered General MacArthur to send air and naval forces to South Korea immediately, but not ground troops yet.
Back in Korea, President Rhee and his Austrian-born wife, Francesca, along with some of his cabinet members and their families, hurriedly left Seoul by a special train at 7 a.m., June 27. Three hours later, the South Korean defense ministry lied to the citizens over the radio that their government was still in Seoul and urged them not to panic. The defense ministry feared that masses of refugees would jam main highways, railroads and the Hahngang River bridge, if they knew the president had already fled south.
President Rhee went as far south as Daegoo, and, realizing he had fled too far, ordered his train to head back north to Daejun. There, he was told by the American Embassy officials that U.S. planes and ships were already in action in South Korea. Encouraged, the president went on the radio and told his people that American help was coming!
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